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| It has been 107 years since the founding of the First Czechoslovak Republic |
| Bratislava, 15.10.2025 |
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| The First Czechoslovak Republic (Czechoslovakia), whose founding will mark 107 years on Tuesday, October 28, played a significant role in preserving the national existence of the Slovaks. For the first time in history, Slovaks had clearly defined territorial boundaries, and a people who had no right to exist in Austria-Hungary became one of the state-forming nations.
The first independent state of Czechs and Slovaks was established on October 28, 1918, when the Czechoslovak National Committee in Prague adopted the law on the creation of an independent Czechoslovakia, declared its establishment, and assumed state power.
The date of its founding was commemorated in the Slovak Republic (SR) after 1993 as a memorial day - the Day of the Establishment of Independent Czechoslovakia. In November 2020, members of the National Council (NC) of the SR approved two amendments to the law, based on which October 28 was changed to a national holiday - the Day of the Establishment of the Independent Czecho-Slovak State. However, the holiday is not a day of rest.
The first Czechoslovak Republic arose from the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, with Czech and Slovak efforts to free themselves from the influence of Vienna and Budapest gaining a real chance of realization during World War I. The Slovaks, however, had already formulated their national political program since the mid-19th century. One of its main authors was Ľudovít Štúr, who based his work on the fact that Slovaks are an independent and distinct nation and demanded Slovak self-government within Hungary. The program, however, had no chance of realization, especially after the unsuccessful Slovak uprising against the Hungarians in 1848-1849 and after the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867.
The revival of the Slovak question was brought by the First World War, which broke out in the summer of 1914. As the course of the war suggested that Germany and Austria-Hungary would lose, various considerations about the possibilities of the Slovaks' position in Europe began to emerge, with the creation of a Czechoslovak state proving to be the most advantageous solution. The Slovak community in the United States of America (USA) supported it, on October 22.In October 1915, together with Czech representatives, she signed the Cleveland Agreement.Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk became the leader of the foreign Czechoslovak resistance. In February 1916, the Czechoslovak National Council (ČSNR) was established in Paris, with Slovak Milan Rastislav Štefánik playing a significant role in its formation. The diplomatic efforts of Masaryk, Štefánik, and Edvard Beneš were greatly aided by the successes of the Czechoslovak legions, which were the armed units of the future Czechoslovak state and were subordinate to the ČSNR. By the end of the First World War, around 100,000 legionaries were active in Russia, Italy, Serbia, and France.In May 1917, Czech politicians presented a declaration at a session of the imperial parliament in which they called for the union of the Czech lands with Slovakia. The declaration was also supported by Slovak politician Vavro Šrobár, who on May 1, 1918, in Liptovský Mikuláš, included in the resolution a demand for the right of nations to self-determination.
Representatives of the Slovak League in America, the Czech National Association, and the chairman of the Czechoslovak National Council, Masaryk, signed the Pittsburgh Agreement on May 30, 1918, and on October 14, 1918, a provisional Czechoslovak government was established in Paris. The effort to create a joint and democratic state of Czechs and Slovaks was also declared in the Washington Declaration published on October 18, 1918.The creation of the first Czechoslovak Republic was preceded by a meeting of representatives of the foreign and domestic resistance in Geneva. At this meeting on October 28, 1918, a provisional Czechoslovak government was established. On the same day, Austria-Hungary accepted the terms of final surrender, and the Czechoslovak National Committee in Prague issued the law on the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic. It was signed by Vavro Šrobár, Anton Švehla, Alois Rašín, František Soukup, and Juraj Stříbrný. With this act, the Czechoslovak Republic was officially established.odkaz na stránku |
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Address : Euro-Brew Ltd., Hlboká 22, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
Tel. : +421 33 53 418 53, Fax : +421 33 53 418 52, E-mail : info@eurobrew.sk |
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